1. Describe and explain the impact of hill sheep farming on the upland landscapes of the British Isles. (8)
2. Outline the links between soil types and agricultural land use in the British Isles. (4)
3. Using Fig.20, on page 10, describe the distribution of glaciated uplands in the UK. (4)
There are eight areas of glaciated highlands in the British Isles. All but two are found in Scotland. These are the Lake District in north-west England and Snowdonia in north-west Wales. The smallest area of glaciated mountains is found on the tiny Isle of Rum in the Inner Hebrides. On the Scottish mainland, the two largest areas of glaciated highlands are the Western Highlands (home to Ben Nevis, Britain’s highest mountain) and the Cairngorm Mountains further to the east.
4. In relation to landscape erosion, outline why ice has a greater potential erosive power than liquid water. (4)
Ice has eroded the landscape in glaciated highlands while liquid water is responsible for erosion in river valleys and along coastlines. Abrasion is a product of water moving rocks across other rock wearing it way in the process. The erosional force that liquid water can exert on the rock beneath it is limited to the velocity of the water and its depth. In rivers, the depth is no more than a few metres, while during a glaciation ice can reach depths of several hundred metres and even more in glacial troughs. As the ice moves, albeit slowly the weight of the ice above rocks frozen into the base of the glacier can grind away deep grooves in the valley floor and sides, wearing the mineral down into a fine powder called rock flour.
5. Using the OS map extract, on page 11, what feature of glacial erosion is found at grid reference 711 130 (1)
A pyramidal peak.
6. Name the corrie tarns shown on the map on page 11. (3)
The three corrie tarns shown on the map are Llyn Cau (7112), Llyn y Gadair (7013) and Llyn Gafr (7114).
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