a) What percentage of the population is aged between 20 and 30 years? (1)
25.5%
b) What percentage of the population is aged under 5? (1)
7.5%
c) Suggest reasons for the shape of the population pyramid shown in fig.186. (4)
Manchester shows a sudden bulge in population for people between 20 and 35. This can be accounted for by the three large universities which attracted tens of thousands of young people every year to move to the city. Manchester these chose to stay after their studies which accounts for the bulge. The fact that many do leave can be seen in the decline in the age groups from 25 to 35. The slight increase in the under 5 age groups could be down to former-students staring families or it could be a result of higher birth rates amongst migrant families.
2. Describe how immigration has impacted on the cultural development of Manchester. (4)
Immigration has had a significant impact on the cultural development of the city. Manchester large Jewish community, with its synagogues and religious ‘eruv’ can trace it origins back to migration at the start of the 20th Century. Chins migration after the Second World War saw Manchester China town develop into the third largest in Europe with large scale celebration of chines and non-Chinese residents each Chinese New Year. Migration from the Caribbean in the 1950s brought reggae music, West Indian food and is celebrated each years in the Moss Side Carnival.
Migration for South Asia brought many Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims. Their temples and mosques are found across the city. South Asian cuisine is celebrated along the Curry Mile in Rusholme. More recent migration for Poland has seen the growth in Polish associations and the opening of many ‘Polski Sklep’ shops bringing Eastern European food to Manchester.
3. Describe the distribution of different groups from Manchester’s ethnic minorities as shown by the 2011 census and fig.177 on p.58. (4)
Most migrants in Manchester are located in wards which would be considered the inner city. The areas with the highest proportion of ethnic minorities (over 60% ethnic minority) are Cheetham, Moss Side and Longsight wards, while the wards which are most (over 83%) ethnically white are Moston in the North East of the city and Brooklands and Woodhouse Park in the south. Only one ward has a single ethnic minority group larger than the white British group, which is Longsight, where those of Pakistani origin make up almost 36% of the population.
4. Outline some of the social and economic problems facing Manchester. (6)
Manchester faces a number of problems ranging from rising homelessness to traffic congestion. Around one third of Manchester pensioners, as wells as Manchester children live below the poverty line. However, at the same time a shortage of social housing and rising house prices means that many people cannot afford to buy their own home and are forced to live in expensive rented properties. This means that many families spend a high percentage of their income on housing.
As Manchester’s population has grown, and car ownership expanded, the streets have become more crowded and congestion has become an increasing problem. This has a social impact of people wasting many hours sat in traffic jams and an economic impact of increasing the costs to businesses of deliveries and other communications.
5. Describe ways in which the City of Manchester has attempted to become more sustainable. (6)
Manchester has made significant strides towards a sustainable future, which implies using resources in such as way as to make them available and accessible to future generations. The Metrolink tram system has been expanded to cover 9 lines and carry millions of passengers. This reduces traffic congestion. The Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Agency collects and disposes of waste from across the Greater Manchester. Multiple bins and regular collections have seen recycling rise to almost 50%. This may be low by European standards but is high by UK standards.
3. Describe the distribution of different groups from Manchester’s ethnic minorities as shown by the 2011 census and fig.177 on p.58. (4)
Most migrants in Manchester are located in wards which would be considered the inner city. The areas with the highest proportion of ethnic minorities (over 60% ethnic minority) are Cheetham, Moss Side and Longsight wards, while the wards which are most (over 83%) ethnically white are Moston in the North East of the city and Brooklands and Woodhouse Park in the south. Only one ward has a single ethnic minority group larger than the white British group, which is Longsight, where those of Pakistani origin make up almost 36% of the population.
4. Outline some of the social and economic problems facing Manchester. (6)
Manchester faces a number of problems ranging from rising homelessness to traffic congestion. Around one third of Manchester pensioners, as wells as Manchester children live below the poverty line. However, at the same time a shortage of social housing and rising house prices means that many people cannot afford to buy their own home and are forced to live in expensive rented properties. This means that many families spend a high percentage of their income on housing.
As Manchester’s population has grown, and car ownership expanded, the streets have become more crowded and congestion has become an increasing problem. This has a social impact of people wasting many hours sat in traffic jams and an economic impact of increasing the costs to businesses of deliveries and other communications.
5. Describe ways in which the City of Manchester has attempted to become more sustainable. (6)
Manchester has made significant strides towards a sustainable future, which implies using resources in such as way as to make them available and accessible to future generations. The Metrolink tram system has been expanded to cover 9 lines and carry millions of passengers. This reduces traffic congestion. The Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Agency collects and disposes of waste from across the Greater Manchester. Multiple bins and regular collections have seen recycling rise to almost 50%. This may be low by European standards but is high by UK standards.
Sewage is treated at the Davyhulme Waste water Treatment plant. United Utilities have begun anaerobic digestion of sewage at the plant which create biogas from sewage and reduces methane emission from the sewage making its disposal more environmentally friendly and more sustainable.
6. Outline the positive and negative impacts of having a high student population in Manchester. (4)
Manchester’s high student population brings many young people to the city and so helps maintain a stable population. Because many ex-students remain in Manchester after training the city has one of the largest post-graduate workforces of any city. The student economy emplys many people in bars, entertainment, food and housing. However, these jobs can be low paid and cyclical, rising during term-time and declining in the holidays. Student demand for housing has pushed up rents in the ‘student belt’ close to the Universities, while traffic jams are common on the weekends when students return holidays, especially at the start of the Autumn term.
7. Describe some of the issues associated with deprivation that affect cities such as Manchester. (6)
Deprivation suggest that groups of people are living with access to the standard of living and quality of life that many of the population take for granted. Some areas have high levels of crime deprivation. This includes public disorder in the city centre when the pubs kick out as well as burglaries in poorer areas such as Harpurhey. The north of the city is generally poorer than the south of the city. In many places people are reliant on state benefits, even when in work. This can leave people feeling undervalued.
6. Outline the positive and negative impacts of having a high student population in Manchester. (4)
Manchester’s high student population brings many young people to the city and so helps maintain a stable population. Because many ex-students remain in Manchester after training the city has one of the largest post-graduate workforces of any city. The student economy emplys many people in bars, entertainment, food and housing. However, these jobs can be low paid and cyclical, rising during term-time and declining in the holidays. Student demand for housing has pushed up rents in the ‘student belt’ close to the Universities, while traffic jams are common on the weekends when students return holidays, especially at the start of the Autumn term.
7. Describe some of the issues associated with deprivation that affect cities such as Manchester. (6)
Deprivation suggest that groups of people are living with access to the standard of living and quality of life that many of the population take for granted. Some areas have high levels of crime deprivation. This includes public disorder in the city centre when the pubs kick out as well as burglaries in poorer areas such as Harpurhey. The north of the city is generally poorer than the south of the city. In many places people are reliant on state benefits, even when in work. This can leave people feeling undervalued.
In some wards such as Moss Side, almost 50% of children live below the poverty line. This poverty can affect a child’s success at school and long-term health. Some areas are classified as having living environment deprivation. This means that housing may be substandard or the area suffers from many traffic accidents. Air pollution from rush-hour traffic can have a harmful effect on health.
